Beverage consumption habits around the world: association with total water and energy intakes. Fluid intake has barely been assessed, and hydration status has only rarely been measured in epidemiological studies. This hampers attempts to assess the adequacy of water intake at a population level. However, although guidelines have been established to determine how much water [...]
Key Tips on Hydration for sport performance Severe dehydration impairs performance and increases the risk of heat illness, but drinking too much can also be harmful or uncomfortable. Every athlete is different because they have different sweat losses and different opportunities to drink fluid during their workouts and events. Every athlete [...]
Key tips on hydration: Recognising signs and symptoms of mild dehydration Fluids are continuously lost from the body. Water is lost via respiration and through the skin, renal system, and gastrointestinal tract1 and this water needs to be replaced. The daily water requirement depends on a number of factors including the [...]
Key Tips on Hydration for elderly people Are you aware of their increased risk of dehydration? The EFSA adult recommendations for the daily intake of water from all sources* (water, beverages and food) do not fall with age under conditions of moderate environmental temperature and moderate physical activity levels. But [...]
Key Tips on Hydration in Winter In cold climates, body fluid losses can be as high as those in hot climates because of high rates of energy expenditure, use of heavy clothing and increased losses in urine1,2. Under normal conditions, urine and sweat are the main methods of water loss, [...]
Variety and diversity of foods and beverages Professor Lluís Serra-Majem, Professor of Preventative Medicine and Public Health at the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. Eating a variety of foods is essential to achieve adequate nutrient needs and in general is correlated with better nutrition. Moreover, assuring dietary [...]
Assessment of hydration status Dr. Susan Shirreffs, Glaxo Smith Kline (UK). Because of the potential for problems resulting from abnormalities of fluid balance, hydration status is frequently assessed in physiology, nutrition and in clinical medicine. There may be many different reasons for assessing hydration status, and the method of choice [...]
Signs and symptoms of imminent dehydration Professor Ryszard Gellert, Professor of Medicine, Department of Nephrology at the Medical Centre for Postgraduate Medicine and the IV Clinical Ward of Internal Medicine at the Bielański Hospital in Warsaw, Poland. Dehydration refers to a deficit of total body water volume, best represented by [...]
Hyponatraemia in marathon runners: Is it a real problem? Professor Ron Maughan, Emeritus Professor of Sport and Exercise Nutrition, Loughborough University (UK). For many years, the advice to those taking part in endurance activities was to be sure to drink enough to prevent dehydration. Because this advice was initially developed [...]
