Thirst drives us to drink at least two litres of water a day.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23216505
The altered fluid distribution in obesity may reflect plasma hypertonicity.
OBJECTIVE: This study explored whether the increased extracellular relative to intracellular fluid (ECF/ICF) ratio in obesity mightreflect osmotic effects of elevated plasma solute concentrations. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, epidemiological survey. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: The present analysis used nationally representative data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey on community-dwelling adults (aged 40-59 years) in the [...]
Hydration in Advanced Cancer: Can Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Improve the Evidence Base? A Systematic Review of the Literature.
CONTEXT: Decisions surrounding the administration of clinically assisted hydration to patients dying of cancer can be challenging because of the limited understanding of hydration in advanced cancer and a lack of evidence to guide health care professionals. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has been used to assess hydration in various patient groupings, but evidence for its [...]
A proposed method for assessing plasma hypertonicity in vivo
Indices of plasma hypertonicity, elevated plasma concentrations of solutes that draw fluid out of cells by osmosis, are needed to pursue hypertonicity as a possible risk factor for obesity and chronic disease. This paper proposes a new index that may be more sensitive to mild hypertonicity in vivo at a point in time than traditional measures. The index compares mean corpuscular volume (MCV) estimates from [...]
Origins for the estimations of water requirements in adults.
Water homeostasis generally occurs without conscious effort; however, estimating requirements can be necessary in settings such as health care. This review investigates the derivation of equations for estimating water requirements. Published literature was reviewed for water estimation equations and original papers sought. Equation origins were difficult to ascertain and original references were often not cited. [...]
High prevalence of plasma hypertonicity among community-dwelling older adults: results from NHANES III.
OBJECTIVE: Recent data suggest that as many as 50% of older adults may have hypertonic plasma, an indicator of cell dehydration that predicts a range of adverse outcomes. To determine if a prevalence of this magnitude could be real, this study used nationally representative data to estimate the prevalence of hypertonicity, and to test for biologically plausible associations between hypertonicity, older age, glucose dysregulation, hemoconcentration, reduced bioelectrical [...]
Water intake and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study
Several studies have shown positive associations between diuretic beverage consumption and breast cancer risk (van der Brandt, 1995). Water consumption has been linked to reduced breast cancer risk in a pilot case–control study (Stookey et al. 1997). The study showed that plain water consumption (versus not drinking plain water) was associated with a 4.7 times [...]
Effects of hydration and water deprivation on blood viscosity during a soccer game in sickle cell trait carriers.
The present study compared the changes in blood viscosity, hydration status, body temperature and heart rate between a group of sickle cell trait (SCT) carriers and a control (Cont) group before and after a soccer game performed in two conditions: one with water offered ad libitum (hydration condition; Hyd) and the other one without water [...]
Hydration and independence in activities of daily living in people with multiple sclerosis: a pilot investigation.
We investigated whether an athlete's self-chosen nutrition strategy (A), compared with a scientifically determined one (S), led to an improved endurance performance in a laboratory time trial after an endurance exercise. S consisted of about 1000 mL·h(-1) fluid, in portions of 250 mL every 15 min, 0.5 g sodium·L(-1), 60 g glucose·h(-1), 30 g fructose·h(-1), and 5 mg caffeine·kg body mass(-1). Eighteen [...]
Bioelectrical impedance analysis in the assessment of hydration status in peritoneal dialysis patients.
Objective: Assessment of fluid status in chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is complex. Clinical evaluation based solely on body weight, blood pressure, volume of ultrafiltration (UF) and peripheral edema is insufficient. A non-invasive test, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) might be of potential benefit. Aim: To test whether BIA correlates with other ancillary markers of extracellular [...]