OBJECTIVES: To assess effects of dehydration on tooth colour. To investigate any change in tooth colour resulting from dehydration and the time required for any change to return to baseline. METHODS: 20 subjects with intact maxillary central incisors were recruited. In each case one incisor was randomly assigned as test tooth with the other acting [...]
The purpose of this study was to examine 1) wildfire fighters' ability to consume the prescribed fluid volume (1200Â mLÂ h(-1)), 2) the effect of fluid intake on plasma sodium and hydration, and 3) the effect of fluid intake on firefighters' heart rate, core temperature and activity during emergency suppression shifts. METHODS: Thirty-four firefighters were divided into [...]
Personal recollections of dehydration meltdowns during the Kona Ironman Triathlon, reflections on their cause, and the author's experiential recommendations regarding hydration, prevention of dehydration, and "beat the heat and humidity" measures. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23147099n
PURPOSE: This work combines and reanalyzes five years of exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) research at 161-km ultramarathons in northern California with primary purposes to define the relationship between post-race blood sodium concentration ([Na]) and change in body weight, examine the interactions among EAH incidence, ambient temperature and hydration state, and explore the effect of hydration status [...]
The skin is a barrier membrane that separates environments with profoundly different water contents. The barrier properties are assured by the outer layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC), which controls the transepidermal water loss. The SC acts as a responding membrane, since its hydration and permeability vary with the boundary condition, which is [...]
Attention on beverage intake, specifically sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), has increased in recent years. A brief valid, reliable and sensitive assessment tool for quantifying beverage consumption and determining its influence on weight status could help to advance research on this topic. The valid and reliable 15-item beverage questionnaire (BEVQ-15) estimates mean daily intake of water, SSB [...]
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is characterized by nutrient malabsorption and occurs following surgical resection, congenital defect, or disease of the bowel. The severity of SBS depends on the length and anatomy of the bowel resected and the health of the remaining tissue. During the 2 years following resection, the remnant bowel undergoes an adaptation [...]
Good fluid intake in children is vitally important as they have immature thirst mechanisms, relatively high rates of fluid loss and are physically active. Poor fluid intake may affect children's cognitive functioning as well as bladder control. Research shows that children drink seven times as much soft drink as water. Schools have a vital role [...]
Sweat is produced during exercise to help dissipate some of the extra heat produced due to an increase in metabolic rate. Inadequate drink ingestion during exercise means athletes finish exercise hypohydrated and when the time between exercise bouts is short, effective rehydration strategies will be necessary to prevent subsequent performance impairment. For complete rehydration, drink [...]
During prolonged exercise, fluid and salt losses through sweating reduce plasma volume which leads to heart rate drift in association with hyperthermia and reductions in performance. Oral rehydration with water reduces the loss of plasma volume and lessens heart rate drift and hyperthermia. Moreover, the inclusion of sodium in the rehydration solution to levels that [...]