Detecting and treating dehydration in hospitalized patients is critical because of the adverse outcomes associated with this condition. Using a case-control design, this study estimated the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of dehydration in hospitalized adults. The overall incidence rate for developing one of three ICD-9 codes for dehydration during a hospital stay was 3.5%. [...]
BACKGROUND: Hydrometry and densitometry are widely used to assess pediatric body composition due to their ease of application. The accuracy of these techniques depends on the validity of age- and sex-specific constant values for lean tissue hydration or density. Empirical data on these constants, and their variability between individuals, are lacking. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were [...]
BACKGROUND: Current peri-operative fluid and electrolyte management in the UK may be suboptimal. We assessed the attitudes of consultant surgeons to fluid and electrolyte prescribing and gathered suggestions for improvement in education on the subject. METHODS: A postal questionnaire survey was sent to 1091 Fellows of the Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland. [...]
BACKGROUND: We have previously examined the associations between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure, birth weight and gestational age in individuals exposed to PFOA-contaminated residential drinking water from the Little Hocking Water Association (LHWA). In this investigation, we expand the scope of our analysis to examine the associations between PFOA, congenital anomalies, labor and delivery complications and [...]
The outcome of colonoscopy is highly dependent upon the quality of bowel cleansing prior to the procedure. Oral sodium phosphate solutions (OSPS) or preparations containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) are generally employed. However, the safety of administering OSPS prior to colonoscopy has been questioned because of the potential for renal failure. AIM: To compare rates of [...]
The objective was to present our clinical experience with bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA). Forty-six patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) without oedema, 21 oedematous nephrotic children and 15 in remission from nephrotic syndrome were studied. The age range was 2-14 years. Data were obtained with the vector bioelectric impedance analysis method (Piccoli's RXc graph [...]
CONTEXT: In hot environments, the American football uniform predisposes athletes to exertional heat exhaustion or exercise-induced hyperthermia at the threshold for heat stroke (rectal temperature [T(re)] > 39 degrees C). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the differential effects of 2 American football uniform configurations on exercise, thermal, cardiovascular, hematologic, and perceptual responses in a hot, humid environment. [...]
Epidemiological data indicate that the risk of neurally mediated syncope is substantially higher in the morning. Syncope is precipitated by cerebral hypoperfusion, yet no chronobiological experiment has been undertaken to examine whether the major circulatory factors, which influence perfusion, show diurnal variation during a controlled orthostatic challenge. Therefore, we examined the diurnal variation in orthostatic [...]
BACKGROUND: With the current practice of using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for the assessment of renal function, serum urea is arguably a redundant test. However, with little evidence, it is purported that urea can be used as a marker to aid in the assessment of hydration status. The aim of this study was to [...]
The goal of this study was to instrumentally evaluate the skin of healthy infants and to compare it to adult skin. A total of 70 infants, 45 girls and 25 boys, ages 8-24 months, and 30 healthy women were studied by means of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), capacitance, and pH measurements at two different skin [...]