PEDIATRIC DISORDERS OF WATER BALANCE

Fluid homeostasis requires adequate water intake, regulated by an intact thirst mechanism and appropriate free water excretion by the kidneys, mediated by appropriate secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP, also known as antidiuretic hormone). AVP exerts its antidiuretic action by binding to the X chromosome-encoded V2 vasopressin receptor (V2R), a G protein-coupled receptor on the basolateral [...]

By |2013-01-31T18:34:19+00:00enero 31st, 2013|Children, Scientific papers|0 Comments

VOLUNTARY DEHYDRATION AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN RESIDING IN A HOT ARID ENVIRONMENT.

BACKGROUND: Voluntary dehydration is a condition where humans do not drink appropriately in the presence of an adequate fluid supply. This may adversely affect their physical and intellectual performance. The present study aimed to describe the prevalence of voluntary dehydration among elementary school children of different ethnicities and countries of birth. METHODS: Four hundred and [...]

By |2013-01-31T18:34:18+00:00enero 31st, 2013|Children, Scientific papers|0 Comments

SHOULD CHILDREN DRINK MORE WATER?: THE EFFECTS OF DRINKING WATER ON COGNITION IN CHILDREN.

While dehydration has well-documented negative effects on adult cognition, there is little research on hydration and cognitive performance in children. We investigated whether having a drink of water improved children's performance on cognitive tasks. Fifty-eight children aged 7-9 years old were randomly allocated to a group that received additional water or a group that did [...]

By |2013-01-31T18:34:18+00:00enero 31st, 2013|Children, Scientific papers|0 Comments

DO CHILDREN HAVE AN ADEQUATE FLUID INTAKE? WATER BALANCE STUDIES CARRIED OUT AT HOME.

In 21 healthy children aged 6-11 years water balance studies were performed for 3 days at home. Water intake was assessed from dietary records based on the precise weighing method and water loss was calculated from repeated measurements of body weight and urine collection. Mean values (+/- SD) of all parameters of water balance are [...]

By |2013-01-31T18:33:42+00:00enero 31st, 2013|Children, Scientific papers|0 Comments

EFFECTS OF THERMAL STRESS DURING REST AND EXERCISE IN THE PAEDIATRIC POPULATION

Thermoregulation during exposure to hot or cold environments differs between children and adults. Many physical and physiological changes occur during growth and maturation that can affect thermoregulation during rest as well as during exercise. Thus, physical as well as physiological differences between children and adults may explain the different response to thermal stress. The main [...]

By |2013-01-31T18:33:42+00:00enero 31st, 2013|Children, Scientific papers|0 Comments

HYPOHYDRATION DURING EXERCISE IN CHILDREN: EFFECT ON THIRST, DRINKING PREFERENCES, AND REHYDRATION

This study examined changes in children's thirst and drink preferences during exercise-induced hypohydration and their spontaneous rehydration during a 30-min recovery. Twenty-four 9- to 13-year-old children (14 females, 10 males) participated in four intermittent 90-min cycling sessions in the heat (35 degrees C, 20% relative humidity); the sessions differed in the drinks the children were [...]

By |2013-01-31T18:33:42+00:00enero 31st, 2013|Children, Scientific papers|0 Comments

VOLUNTARY HYPOHYDRATION IN 10- TO 12-YEAR-OLD BOYS

This study was performed to determine whether a) children voluntarily dehydrate while exercising in hot climate; b) such dehydration affects their well-being and thermoregulation. Eleven 10p to 12-yr old, partially acclimatized boys underwent two work-in-the-heat protocols (cycle rides, 45% aerobic capacity at 39 degrees C, 45% rh). During one session they drank only voluntarily when [...]

By |2013-01-31T18:33:42+00:00enero 31st, 2013|Children, Scientific papers|0 Comments

SWEAT GLAND RESPONSE TO EXERCISE IN THE HEAT AMONG PRE-, MID-, AND LATE-PUBERTAL BOYS.

Sweating rate (SR) of boys is lower than that of men. To assess the association between the response of individual sweat glands and physical growth and maturation, three groups of circumpubertal boys cycled at 50% VO2max in a climatic chamber (42 degrees C, 20% relative humidity). Based on Tanner staging (pubic hair), 16 were classified [...]

By |2013-01-31T18:33:41+00:00enero 31st, 2013|Children, Scientific papers|0 Comments

URINATION DURING THE FIRST THREE YEARS OF LIFE

Urination was studied in 15 normal infants and young children on 150 occasions in the course of metabolic balance studies. With increasing age, mean urine volume increased if expressed as ml/day and decreased if expressed as ml/kg/day. Urine volume was correlated with volume of intake (r = 0.697) and accounted for a similar percentage of [...]

By |2013-01-31T18:33:41+00:00enero 31st, 2013|Children, Scientific papers|0 Comments

PREVENTING DEHYDRATION IN CHILDREN WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS WHO EXERCISE IN THE HEAT.

PURPOSE: In healthy children who exercise in the heat, the addition of flavor, carbohydrate, and 18 mmol x L(-1) NaCl to water induced a major increase in voluntary drink intake compared with the intake of unflavored water. This increase was sufficient to prevent voluntary dehydration. We hypothesized that, to achieve a similar effect in children [...]

By |2013-01-31T18:33:40+00:00enero 31st, 2013|Children, Scientific papers|0 Comments