Disorders of sodium and water homeostasis are among the most commonly encountered disturbances in the critical care setting, because many disease states cause defects in the complex mechanisms that control the intake and output of water and solute. Because body water is the primary determinant of extracellular fluid osmolality, disorders of body water balance can [...]

Disorders of body fluids are among the most commonly encountered problems in the practice of clinical medicine. This is in large part because many different disease states can potentially disrupt the finely balanced mechanisms that control the intake and output of water and solute. It therefore behoves clinicians treating such patients to have a good [...]

Disorders of body fluids, notably central diabetes insipidus (CDI) and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), are relatively uncommon as a presenting symptom of sellar and suprasellar masses, but quite common following surgical resection of such lesions. It therefore behooves clinicians treating such patients to have a good understanding of the pathophysiology, the [...]

Dehydration is a serious risk for elders because total body water decreases with age, aging kidneys are less able to concentrate urine, and the sensation of thirst decreases. Geriatric nurses traditionally have assessed for dehydration, but its signs are difficult to detect in many patients. Instead, nurses, assistive personnel, and family members must work to [...]

Recent reports have documented the potentially catastrophic consequences of dehydration induced by vigorous exercise in otherwise healthy individuals. A case of acute pancreatitis secondary to exercise-induced dehydration is presented, and the literature of dehydration-induced syndromes, both research and clinical, is reviewed. The goal of this case report is to heighten awareness of dehydration as a [...]

There is increasing evidence that mild dehydration plays a role in the development of various morbidities. In this review, the effects of hydration status on chronic diseases are categorized according to the strength of the evidence. Positive effects of maintenance of good hydration are shown for urolithiasis (category lb evidence); constipation, exercise asthma, hypertonic dehydration [...]

Vasopressin is a critical regulator of water homeostasis. There are two major receptors for vasopressin: V1 and V2 receptors. Disturbances in water balance are commonly encountered in clinical practice and can be divided into disorders of urinary dilution and concentration. The major representatives of such disorders are diabetes insipidus and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion [...]

The hospital admission rate for dehydration is one of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Prevention's Quality Indicators, which are considered screening tools for potential quality issues. Thus, admission for dehydration may reflect the quality of care provided in community settings. Using a case-control design, this study estimated the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes [...]

Dehydration in clinical practice, as opposed to a physiological definition, refers to the loss of body water, with or without salt, at a rate greater than the body can replace it. We argue that the clinical definition for dehydration, ie, loss of total body water, addresses the medical needs of the patient most effectively. There [...]

INTRODUCTION: Upper urinary tract stones are relatively uncommon in Nigeria and they are most often seen in men in their 4th and 5th decades. There is however no recent report on this disease from our locality. This retrospective study was done to evaluate the pattern of presentation of upper tract urolithiasis in our institution. PATIENTS [...]