Diurnal variation in serum and urine electrolytes.
Abstract not available
Sodium loading aids fluid balance and reduces physiological strain of trained men exercising in the heat.
PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine whether preexercise ingestion of a highly concentrated sodium beverage would increase plasma volume (PV) and reduce the physiological strain of moderately trained males running in the heat. METHODS: Eight endurance-trained (.VO2max: 58 mL.kg(-1).min(-1) (SD 5); 36 yr (SD 11)) runners completed this double-blind, crossover experiment. Runners ingested a [...]
Urinalysis: a comprehensive review.
A complete urinalysis includes physical, chemical, and microscopic examinations. Midstream clean collection is acceptable in most situations, but the specimen should be examined within two hours of collection. Cloudy urine often is a result of precipitated phosphate crystals in alkaline urine, but pyuria also can be the cause. A strong odor may be the result [...]
Swallowing, nutrition, and hydration during acute stroke care.
Dysphagia occurs in up to half of patients after an acute stroke and may cause dehydration, undernutrition, and aspiration pneumonia. Current evidence suggests that a systematic program of diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia in an acute stroke management plan may yield dramatic reductions in aspiration pneumonia rates. There is also some evidence thatnutritional supplementation and proper hydration may reduce morbidity and mortality [...]
Dehydration and venous thromboembolism thromboembolism after acute stroke.
BACKGROUND:Although it is widely assumed that dehydration predisposes to venous thromboembolism (VTE), there are no clinical studies to support this. Aim: To evaluate the relationship between biochemical indices of dehydration and VTEafter acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). DESIGN: Prospective observational study. METHODS: Unselected AIS patients (n = 102) receiving standard thromboprophylaxis with aspirin and graded compression stockings, underwent serial measurements of serum urea, creatinine and osmolality, and [...]
WATER, HYDRATION, AND HEALTH
This review examines the current knowledge of water intake as it pertains to human health, including overall patterns of intake and some factors linked with intake, the complex mechanisms behind water homeostasis, and the effects of variation in water intake on health and energy intake, weight, and human performance and functioning. Water represents a critical [...]
Dehydration in hospital-admitted stroke patients: detection, frequency, and association.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We aimed to determine the frequency of dehydration, risk factors, and associations with outcomes at hospital discharge after stroke.METHODS:nWe linked clinical data from stroke patients in 2 prospective hospital registers with routine blood urea and creatinine results. Dehydration was defined by a blood urea-to-creatinine ratio >80. RESULTS:nOf 2591 patients registered, 1606 (62%) [...]
Recovering urine from diapers: are test results accurate?
Abstract not available
Water: a neglected nutrient in the young child? A South African perspective
Water is considered an essential nutrient because the body cannot produce enough water itself, by metabolism of food, to fulfil its need. When the quantity or quality of water is inadequate, health problems result, most notably dehydration and diarrhoea. As a result of contaminated water and poor hygiene, related infections are still a serious problem. Indeed, in theSouth African setting water availability and sanitation are critical issues because [...]
Fluid balance in elderly patients following stroke.
We studied the relationship between plasma osmolality, arginine vasopressin (AVP), and fluid input in patients during the acute phase of a first stroke. Fifteen consecutive patients were studied (median age 79) and their blood sampled on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14. Plasma osmolality was related to fluid input over days 0-3 (p = 0.0013) and AVP over 14 days (p less [...]