Background: Patients admitted to surgery may be dehydrated, which is difficult to diagnose except when it is severe (>5% of the body weight). We hypothesized that modest dehydration can be detected by kinetic analysis of the blood hemoglobin concentration after a bolus infusion of crystalloid fluid.Methods:Four series of experiments were performed on 10 conscious, healthy [...]
Objective: It is purported that exercise-induced dehydration (EID), especially if ≥ 2% bodyweight, impairs endurance performance (EP). Field research shows that athletes can achieve outstanding EP while dehydrated > 2% bodyweight. Using the meta-analytic procedure, this study compared the findings of laboratory-based studies that examined the impact of EID upon EP using either ecologically valid [...]
In the absence of any food or fluid intake during the hours of daylight during the month of Ramadan, a progressive loss of body water will occur over the course of each day, though these losses can be completely replaced each night. Large body water deficits will impair both physical and cognitive performance. The point [...]
Hypernatremia is common in intensive care units. It has detrimental effects on various physiologic functions and was shown to be an independent risk factor for increased mortality in critically ill patients. Mechanisms of hypernatremia include sodium gain and/or loss of free water and can be discriminated by clinical assessment and urine electrolyte analysis. Because many [...]
Hyponatremia associated with diarrhea is usually caused by dehydration, with salt loss accompanying the excessive loss of water. On the other hand, hyponatremia in this setting can occasionally be caused by excess ingestion or administration of hypotonic fluids (1, 2). In this report, we describe the differential diagnosis of hyponatremia in an infant.
The ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine is regarded as a sensitive indicator of renal function.1Â Since concentration tests are easily done, they enjoy wide clinical use. This renal activity is usually studied by measuring urine specific gravity, i.e. the ratio of the weight of urine to an equal volume of water. The specific gravity [...]
BACKGROUND. Despite the importance of hydration, limited research has been undertaken in Arabic populations. METHODS: Study 1: 88 adult military cadets and 32 school-based adolescents provided five sequential daily mid-morning urine samples. Hydration thresholds were produced using percentiles of estimated urine osmolality (Uosm) and urine color (Ucol). Study 2: 120 military cadets and 52 adolescents [...]
A clinical link exists between severe dehydration and cognitive performance. Using rapid and severe water loss induced either by intense exercise and/or heat stress, initial studies suggested there were alterations in short-term memory and cognitive function related to vision, but more recent studies have not all confirmed these data. Some studies argue that water loss is not responsible for [...]
BACKGROUND. Beverage palatability is known to influence fluid consumption during exercise and may positively influence hydration status and help to prevent fatigue, heat illness and decreased performance. PURPOSE: The aims of this review were to evaluate the effect of beverage temperature on fluid intake during exercise and investigate the influence of beverage temperature on palatability. [...]
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether unstimulated whole saliva flow rate (UFR) and osmolality (Sosm) track changes in hydration status during 48h of restricted fluid intake (RF) or combined fluid and energy restriction (RF+RE). Following the 48h periods, UFR and Sosm were assessed after acute exercise dehydration and rehydration. DESIGN: Thirteen healthy males completed three trials in a randomised order: control (CON) where participants received their estimated energy (12,154+/-230kJ/d: mean+/-S.E.M) and fluid (3912+/-140ml/d) [...]