In adults the cranium is a rigid bony vault of fixed size and therefore the intra-cranial volume is a constant which equals the sum of the volume of the brain, the intra-cranial volume of CSF and the intra-cranial volume of blood. There can be marked changes in the volumes of these three intra-cranial compartments which [...]
OBJECTIVE: This article summarizes a case of ischemic colitis suffered by a triathlete during an Ironman competition. BACKGROUND: Exercise results in a significant reduction in splanchnic blood flow to help maintain cardiovascular function. When dehydration and heat stress accompany exercise, blood flow to the splanchnic vasculature is further reduced, increasing the risk of local ischemia [...]
INTRODUCTION: Long-term care (LTC) residents, especially the orally fed with dysphagia, are prone to dehydration. The clinical consequences of dehydration are critical. The validity of the common laboratory parameters of hydration status is far from being absolute, especially so in the elderly. However, combinations of these indices are more reliable. OBJECTIVE: Assessment of hydration status [...]
A 12-year retrospective review of neonates admitted with hypernatraemic dehydration to the neonatal unit of the University Hospital of the West Indies was conducted between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2001. Twenty-four infants fulfilled the criteria for hypernatraemic dehydration. Nineteen (79%) women were either nulliparous or primiparous with a mean (SD) age of 26.9 [...]
STUDY OBJECTIVES: We define the predictive value of parents' computer-based report for history and physical signs of dehydration for a primary outcome of percentage of dehydration (fluid deficit) and 2 secondary outcomes: clinically important acidosis and hospital admission. We also sought to compare the reports of physical signs related to dehydration made by parents and [...]
Sufficient body water and electrolyte homeostasis are essential for healthy physiologic functioning. Nurses are key to preventing, detecting early, and treating fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Dehydration significantly alters both physical and psychological functioning, and older adults are at increased risk. Identifying fluid disorders early can prevent complications and reduce hospital stays. Understanding the mechanisms of [...]
To identify the factors related to dehydration from diarrhoea, a hospital-based case-control study was carried out among under-2-year-old Bangladeshi children. The study compared 80 cases who had 'some' or severe dehydration with 160 age-matched controls who had 'no signs' of dehydration. All the cases and controls were examined and the mothers were interviewed in the [...]
Delirium is a frequent complication of advanced cancer. It is characterized by cognitive deficits and behavioral disturbance, and therefore can potentially result in severe symptom distress and impeded communication between patient and family and between patient and medical staff. The reversibility of delirium depends on its underlying causes. Delirium is multifactorial in origin, and precipitating [...]
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No abstract available.