No abstract available.

No abstract available.

Salivary glands require body fluids for normal function. It has been suggested that decreased levels of hydration (dehydration) may cause diminished salivary output, but it is not known whether salivary flow rates are related to biological measures of hydration status. The purpose of this study was to determine whether reduced parotid salivary flow rates, as [...]

Total body water (TBW) measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was directly compared with deuterium-isotope dilution in a total of 58 subjects. First, sex-specific and group equations were developed by multiple regression analysis in (10 each) obese and nonobese men and women. Height/resistive impedance was the most significant variable used to predict deuterium-dilution space (D2O-TBW) [...]

We investigated the general utility of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and the implications of BIA theory in populations of various ages from infancy to adulthood by developing a single impedance equation. Four subject data sets representing 62 adults, 37 prepubertal children, 44 preschool children, and 32 premature low-birth-weight neonates were combined. Subjects were randomly divided [...]

Hydration issues are important considerations for the elderly and infirm. What was previously taken for granted often becomes the focus of daily attention. Nursing homes must take a proactive stance in designing systems and training staff to deal with hydration. The minimum daily fluid requirements, and the steps necessary to investigate suspected dehydration, should be [...]

For healthy children up to 15 years of age, no data exist regarding water turnover as directly measured using stable isotope techniques. Water turnover was measured in 171 healthy children (88 girls, 83 boys, age: 6 weeks-15 years) whilst living in their normal environment. Water turnover was calculated from the equilibrium of 2H2O concentration reached [...]

The validity of the deuterium dilution technique as a method of measuring fluid intake was investigated by comparing values obtained with this technique and direct measurements of milk intake in 10 exclusively bottle-fed infants recovering from protein-energy malnutrition. Values for total body water were derived from body weight and length using Friis-Hansen's formula. During a [...]

Athletes and researchers could benefit from a simple and universally accepted technique to determine whether humans are well-hydrated, euhydrated, or hypohydrated. Two laboratory studies (A, B) and one field study (C) were conducted to determine if urine color (Ucol) indicates hydration status accurately and to clarify the interchangeability of Ucol, urine osmolality (Uosm), and urine [...]

Dehydration is a common water and electrolyte disorder in long-term care residents. Practical methods to detect and monitor dehydration are needed. This study determined whether urine color measured by a urine color chart reflects hydration status. The study employed a repeated measures design with two observations during a 10-hour period. Urine color was compared to [...]