We examined the possibility that measurements of thirst perception in man using the visual Analogue Scale (VAS) can be used to estimate plasma arginine vasopressin concentration in man. In thirty normal subjects (male=15 and female=15), thirst perception (TP, cm) was rated and 5.0ml blood samples were collected for the measurement of plasma arginine vasopressin (PAVP) [...]
To explore whether elevated plasma glucose might progress to diabetes via a mechanism that involves plasma hypertonicity, we evaluated the independent and joint effects of these variables on diabetes risk. Community-dwelling older adults (70+years), who reported no previous diagnosis of diabetes and had glucose levels below 200 mg/dl in the 1992 Duke EPESE survey, were [...]
The chronology of hemoconcentration and hemodilution associated with changes in posture, and the reliability of venous hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and plasma proteins (PP) as indicators in evaluating changes in plasma volume were determined in seven male subjects. Red cell mass was also measured by the CO method at the termination of the erect and supine positions. Movementto and from supine and erect positions produced consistent, rapid, and progressive changes in Hct, Hb, [...]
We examined young athletes during a triathlon performed in a hot climate. Complete or partial data were available for 95 athletes competing in the National Triathlon Championship in Costa Rica. Mean ± SD for age and body weight (BW) were 13.1 ± 2.5 years and 46.3 ± 11.5 kg, respectively. Race requirements included: 500 m [...]
Several studies have shown positive associations between diuretic beverage consumption and breast cancer risk (van der Brandt, 1995). Water consumption has been linked to reduced breast cancer risk in a pilot case–control study (Stookey et al. 1997). The study showed that plain water consumption (versus not drinking plain water) was associated with a 4.7 times [...]
Reducing glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) inconsistently improves aspects of cognitive function and appetite in children. Whether altering the GL by lowering carbohydrate relative to protein and fat has a role in these effects is unknown. Therefore, we assessed the differential effects of beverages varying in GL and dairy composition on appetite, energy [...]
BACKGROUND. The negative effects of dehydration on aerobic activities are well established. However, it is unknown how dehydration affects intermittent sports performance. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of dehydration in elite badminton players and its relation to muscle strength and power production. METHODOLOGY: Seventy matches from the National Spanish badminton [...]
PURPOSE: To determine whether chicken noodle soup before exercise increases ad libitum water intake, fluid balance, and physical and cognitive performance compared with water. METHODS: Nine trained men (age: 25±3y; VO2peak: 54.2±5.1ml·kg-1·min-1; mean±SD) performed cycle exercise in the heat (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature=25.9±0.4ºC) for 90min at 50% VO2peak, 45min after ingesting 355ml of either commercially-available [...]
Dehydration can impair mental and on-field performance in soccer athletes; however, there is little data available from the female adolescent player. There is a lack of research investigating fluid and electrolyte losses in cool temperatures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the pretraining hydration status, fluid balance, and sweat sodium loss in [...]
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether plasma hypertonicity might be a marker of early frailty, this study tested the associations between plasma hypertonicity, incident disability, and mortality in nondisabled older adults. DESIGN: Longitudinal, observational study. SETTING: Community-based. PARTICIPANTS: Older adults (> or =70), who reported no disability and gave blood in the 1992 Duke Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly survey (n=705), [...]