This investigation determined the manner in which the cardiovascular system copes with the dehydration-induced reductions in cardiac output (Q) during prolonged exercise in the heat. On two separate occasions, seven endurance-trained subjects (maximal O2 consumption 4.70 +/- 0.41 l/min) cycled in the heat (35 degrees C) for 2 h, beginning at 62 +/- 2% maximal [...]
No abstract available.
Advances in clinical and laboratory knowledge have led to new concepts in the management of acute infectious diarrhea in children. The major advance has been the development of oral rehydration therapy, which is effective for the treatment of diarrhea of any etiology in patients of any age. Optimal management of acute infectious diarrhea includes the [...]
Dehydration has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Dehydration risk increases with advancing age, and will progressively become an issue as the aging population increases. Worldwide, those aged 60 years and over are the fastest growing segment of the population. The study aimed to develop a clinically practical means to identify dehydration amongst older [...]
BACKGROUND: The development of symptomatic hyponatraemia consequent on participation in marathon and ultraendurance races has led to questions about its aetiology and prevention. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate: (a) the assertion that sweat sodium losses cannot contribute to the development of hyponatraemia during endurance exercise; (b) the adequacy of fluid replacement recommendations issued by the International Marathon [...]
OBJECTIVE: To consider whether consumption of black tea has a positive or negative impact on health. DESIGN: Databases were searched for relevant epidemiological and clinical studies published between 1990 and 2004. RESULTS: Clear evidence was found for coronary heart disease (CHD), where an intake of > or = 3 cups per day related to risk [...]
There are many occupations where workers undergo daily exposure to rigorous environments, often with only limited access to fluids. Such conditions warrant the use of an electrolyte rehydration beverage; however, the long-term use of such beverages may pose potential health risks due to the increase in dietary sodium intake. This study proposed to determine blood [...]
CONTEXT: Carbohydrate ingestion has recently been associated with elevated core temperature during exercise in the heat when testing for ergogenic effects. Whether the association holds when metabolic rate is controlled is unclear. Such an effect would have undesirable consequences for the safety of the athlete. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether ingesting fluids containing carbohydrate contributed to [...]
The intent of this study was to assess the influence of drink flavor and composition on voluntary drinking and hydration status in girls exercising intermittently in the heat (35 +/- 1 degrees C, 45-50% relative humidity). Twelve physically active, nonacclimatized girls (9-12 years) performed three 3 h identical sessions, each consisting of four 20 min [...]
BACKGROUND: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction occurs in a proportion of patients after noncardiac surgery. Older patients are particularly vulnerable. We hypothesized that dehydration, a common perioperative problem in the elderly, may provoke cognitive dysfunction. We used a clinical scenario free of surgical/anesthetic intervention to determine whether dehydration caused by bowel preparation results in cognitive changes. METHODS: [...]