Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality in children and underlying causes are many. It is most often caused by excessive salt loss from the gut but is also associated with severe systemic disorders in which there is actual or apparent aldosterone deficiency, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), which is the most common inherited [...]
The association of early postnatal growth with diseases in adults such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes and CHD has generated interest in studying postnatal growth. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a useful measure to estimate total body water (TBW) and fat-free mass (FFM). We evaluated three published equations (Fjeld et al. (Pediatr Res (1990) 27, [...]
Fluid balance is essential for normal functioning of the body. Oliguria (poor urine output) is usually associated with low circulatory blood volume (hypovolaemia), and can be a sign that a patient is acutely ill and deteriorating.
PURPOSE:: Dehydration is hypothesized to cause exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMC). The theory states that dehydration contracts the interstitial space thereby increasing the pressure on nerve terminals and cramps ensue. Research supporting this theory is often observational and fatigue is rarely controlled. Inducing cramps with electrical stimulation minimizes many of the confounding factors associated with exercise-induced [...]
PURPOSE: To evaluate the physiological challenges of competitive cross-country hang gliding. METHODS: Seventeen experienced male pilots (age=41+/-9 y; mean+/-SD) were fitted with a monitor that recorded heart rate and altitude at 0.5 Hz throughout a competitive flight. Fluid losses were evaluated by comparing pilot pre- and postflight mass. RESULTS: The pilots' displacement was 88.4+/-43.7 km [...]
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Increased vocal fold hydration is a popular target in the prevention and management of voice disorders. Current intervention strategies focus on enhancing both systemic (internal) and superficial (surface) hydration. We review relevant bench and human research on the role of hydration in vocal fold physiology. RECENT FINDINGS: Bench and human studies provide [...]
Eating disorders are typical diseases of adolescence and early adulthood. About 1-3% of female juveniles suffer from anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN). Today AN is still the psychiatric disease with the highest mortality rate. The peri-operative mortality rate of patients suffering from AN is in the range up to 15%. The beginning of [...]
BACKGROUND: Nurses that care for patients with advanced dementia are increasingly faced with consequences of disease progression, often requiring them to decide whether to artificially feed these patients. Clarifying how nurses can be better supported in complex care processes involving ethically sensitive decision-making requires that their practice be mapped out. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this [...]
Seven aquaporin water channels are expressed in human kidneys, and they have key roles in maintaining body water homeostasis. Impairment of their function can result in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and other water-balance disorders. A lot of data have increased understanding of the functions and mechanisms of regulation of aquaporins both at the molecular and the [...]
BACKGROUND AND AIMS : The assessment of body composition and water spaces in elderly persons, especially in disease situations, would be a critical component of the nutritional and hydration management. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a validated bed-side technique for the estimate of total body (TBW) and extracellular (ECW) water. The aim of the present [...]