BACKGROUND AND AIMS : The assessment of body composition and water spaces in elderly persons, especially in disease situations, would be a critical component of the nutritional and hydration management. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a validated bed-side technique for the estimate of total body (TBW) and extracellular (ECW) water. The aim of the present [...]
BACKGROUND: Performing fire suppression activities results in cardiovascular stress, hyperthermia, and hypohydration. Fireground rehabilitation (rehab) is recommended to blunt the deleterious effects of these conditions. OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that three rehydration fluids provided after exercise while wearing thermal protective clothing (TPC) would produce different heart rate or core temperature responses during a second [...]
PURPOSE: This study compared the voluntary fluid intake behavior of older men and women (54-70 yr) when provided cold, palatable beverages and ample opportunity to drink between repeated bouts of exercise in the heat. METHODS: Thirteen men and 14 women performed four bouts of 15-min cycling at 65% VO2peak followed by 15 min of rest [...]
The osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) has been a recognized complication of the rapid correction of hyponatremia for decades. However, in recent years, a variety of other medical conditions have been associated with the development of ODS, independent of changes in serum sodium. This finding suggests that the pathogenesis of ODS may be more complex and [...]
Background and aims: Spinal cord injured patients may be adversely affected by disturbances of nutritional status, particularly malnutrition and fat mass overload. Malnutrition increases the risk for development of pressure sores, and fat mass excess increases the cardiovascular and respiratory risks of these patients, as well as predisposing to the development of diabetes mellitus, pressures [...]
CONTEXT: The protective equipment worn during American football has been shown to increase thermal strain; however, the perception of this increased heat has not been examined. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate perceptual responses of American football players while wearing different uniforms during exercise in the heat and to evaluate how these responses may be used to monitor [...]
Water intake was described and quantified in samples of urban Guatemalan schoolchildren stratified by gender and socio-economic status. The frequency of consumption and quantity of plain water drinking was estimated from oneday pictorial registries of all beverages, foods and snacks consumed over a 24-h period collected from 449 3rd and 4th graders from two social [...]
BACKGROUND: Most diarrhoeal deaths can be prevented through the prevention and treatment of dehydration. Oral rehydration solution (ORS) and recommended home fluids (RHFs) have been recommended since 1970s and 1980s to prevent and treat diarrhoeal dehydration. We sought to estimate the effects of these interventions on diarrhoea mortality in children aged <5 years. METHODS: We [...]
This paper gives an overview of human water requirements (Part 1) and water quality for nutritional health (Part 2). A balance between water input and water output is needed to maintain a normal hydration status. Water requirements of individuals differ in different stages and circumstances in the healthy life cycle, e.g. childhood, pregnancy and lactation [...]
PURPOSE: To determine whether a dose-response relationship exists between caffeine and 2000-m rowing performance. METHODS: In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study, 10 competitive male rowers (mean +/- SD: age = 20.6 +/- 1.4 yr, body mass = 87.7 +/- 10.5 kg, height = 186.8 +/- 6.8 cm, (.)VO2peak = 5.1 +/- 0.6 L x [...]