The intact skin represents a barrier to the uncontrolled loss of water, proteins, and plasma components from the organism. Owing to its complex structure, the epidermal barrier with its major layer, the stratum corneum, is the rate-limiting unit for the penetration of exogenous substances through the skin. The epidermal barrier is not a static structure. [...]
Although much is known about the effects of changes in electrolyte and water balance on serum sodium concentration, the quantitative relationships between body composition and the concentration of sodium in serum have not been established. Also, no definitive study has been made of the correspondence between serum sodium concentration and total serum osmolarity. It is [...]
Dysphagia may predispose stroke patients toward undernutrition and hydration. These comorbidities increase patient risks for reduced functional outcome and short-term mortality. Despite this impact, available information on relationships among dysphagia, nutrition, and hydration status in acute stroke is limited and conflicted. This study evaluated nutrition and hydration status in ischemic stroke patients with versus without [...]
Evolution has provided an elaborate network of regulatory systems that stabilize body-fluid volume, temperature and composition. This stability insulates cells from an ambient hostile world and assures them the best possible conditions in which to function optimally. When one of these regulatory systems fails, cells and even whole organ systems cannot function properly. This paper [...]
Background and Aims: Fluid requirements of children vary as a function of gender and age. To our knowledge, there is very little literature on the hydration status of French children. We assessed the morning hydration status in a large sample of 529 French schoolchildren aged 9-11 years. Methods: Recruited children completed a questionnaire on fluid [...]
The chronology of hemoconcentration and hemodilution associated with changes in posture, and the reliability of venous hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and plasma proteins (PP) as indicators in evaluating changes in plasma volume were determined in seven male subjects. Red cell mass was also measured by the CO method at the termination of the erect and supine positions. Movementto and from supine and erect positions produced consistent, rapid, and progressive changes in Hct, Hb, [...]
We examined young athletes during a triathlon performed in a hot climate. Complete or partial data were available for 95 athletes competing in the National Triathlon Championship in Costa Rica. Mean ± SD for age and body weight (BW) were 13.1 ± 2.5 years and 46.3 ± 11.5 kg, respectively. Race requirements included: 500 m [...]
Reducing glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) inconsistently improves aspects of cognitive function and appetite in children. Whether altering the GL by lowering carbohydrate relative to protein and fat has a role in these effects is unknown. Therefore, we assessed the differential effects of beverages varying in GL and dairy composition on appetite, energy [...]
BACKGROUND. The negative effects of dehydration on aerobic activities are well established. However, it is unknown how dehydration affects intermittent sports performance. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of dehydration in elite badminton players and its relation to muscle strength and power production. METHODOLOGY: Seventy matches from the National Spanish badminton [...]
PURPOSE: To determine whether chicken noodle soup before exercise increases ad libitum water intake, fluid balance, and physical and cognitive performance compared with water. METHODS: Nine trained men (age: 25±3y; VO2peak: 54.2±5.1ml·kg-1·min-1; mean±SD) performed cycle exercise in the heat (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature=25.9±0.4ºC) for 90min at 50% VO2peak, 45min after ingesting 355ml of either commercially-available [...]