Massachusetts 02111, USA. Adequate fluid intake is critical for survival. While adults are at liberty to drink fluids as wanted, children and infants are dependent upon caregivers for food and fluid. Children are at greater risk for dehydration than adults due to their higher surface-to-mass ratio. Additionally, children have different thirst sensitivities and body cooling [...]
BACKGROUND: Inadequate hydration has been linked to many factors that may impact on children's education and health. Teachers play an important role in the education and behaviour of children. Previous research has demonstrated low water intake amongst children and negative teachers' attitudes to water in the classroom. The present study aimed to explore teachers' knowledge [...]
OBJECTIVE: Although urine production depends on numerous physiological variables there are no quantitative data regarding the effect of bladder decompression, by means of continuous catheter drainage, on urine production. The aim of this study was to investigate this effect. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out in two stages, each consisting of two phases. [...]
With an increasing number of children and adolescents involved in competitive athletics throughout the calendar year, the sports medicine team must be familiar with preventing and treating heat-related illness. Heat illness is a spectrum of illnesses from heat cramps to heat stroke. Mortality for heat stroke ranges from 17% to 70%, depending on severity and [...]
This investigation evaluated the new National Collegiate Athletic Association model of heat acclimatization for football players using physiological, psychological, fluid balance, anthropometric, and nutritional variables. Eleven football players (20 +/- 1 year, 1.88 +/- 0.05 m, and 115.36 +/- 18.85 kg) from a Division I football team were observed for the first 8 days of [...]
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the combined effects of hydration and exercise heat stress on choice reaction time. On three separate occasions eight male subjects performed cycle exercise at approximately 70% of peak power output in warm, humid conditions (31 degrees C, 63% relative humidity) for a maximum of 90 min or [...]
BACKGROUND: Numerous laboratory based studies have documented that aggressive hydration strategies (approximately 1-2 litres/h) are required to minimise a rise in core temperature and minimise the deleterious effects of hyperthermia on performance. However, field data on the relations between hydration level, core body temperature, and performance are rare. OBJECTIVE: To measure core temperature (Tcore) in [...]
BJECTIVES: To determine changes in common urinary markers of hydration maintained by the drivers (mushers) during a wilderness endurance event in the arctic and to determine water turnover in this select group of individuals. STUDY DESIGN: During this descriptive study, data was systematically collected on hydration, water turnover, changes in resting and exercise heart rate, [...]
PURPOSE: To determine whether: a) plasma osmolarity (Posm) is sensitive to small incremental changes in hydration status, b) urine specific gravity (Usg) can accurately identify a state of euhydration, c) Usg is a sensitive indicator of a change in hydration status, and d) Usg correlates with Posm. METHODS: Euhydrated (Posm = 288 +/- 4 mOsm.L-1) [...]
During exercise, sweat output often exceeds water intake, producing a water deficit or hypohydration. The water deficit lowers both intracellular and extracellular fluid volumes, and causes a hypotonic-hypovolemia of the blood. Aerobic exercise tasks are likely to be adversely effected by hypohydration (even in the absence of heat strain), with the potential affect being greater [...]