Hydration in acute stroke: where do we go from here?

Objectives: to examine current practice with regard to hydration in acute stroke (part 1) to identify problem areas, to develop, implement and evaluate an intervention package (part 2). Design: prospective, repeated measures, between subjects Setting: a district general hospital. Participants: consecutive admissions with an acute stroke. Part 1 involved 30 patients, 14 of whom were [...]

By |2017-05-21T03:21:05+00:00enero 31st, 2013|Assessment methodologies, Documentos científicos|Comentarios desactivados en Hydration in acute stroke: where do we go from here?

Dipstick measurements of urine specific gravity are unreliable.

AIM:To evaluate the reliability of dipstick measurements of urine specific gravity (U-SG). METHODS: Fresh urine specimens were tested for urine pH and osmolality (U-pH, U-Osm) by a pH meter and an osmometer, and for U-SG by three different methods (refractometry, automatic readout of a dipstick (Clinitek-50), and (visual) change of colour of the dipstick). RESULTS: The correlations between the visual U-SG dipstick measurements and U-SG determined by a refractometer and the comparison [...]

By |2017-05-21T03:20:41+00:00enero 31st, 2013|Assessment methodologies, Documentos científicos|Comentarios desactivados en Dipstick measurements of urine specific gravity are unreliable.

Assessing hydration status.

PURPOSE:Understanding the importance of euhydration in humans in order to ensure good health in various situations, the purpose of this review is to examine the available techniques in assessing hydration status. RECENT FINDINGS: During the past 20 years, many indices have been developed to assess hydration levels accurately in humans. Changes in body weight, haematological and urine parameters, bioelectrical impedance, [...]

By |2017-05-21T03:20:41+00:00enero 31st, 2013|Assessment methodologies, Documentos científicos|Comentarios desactivados en Assessing hydration status.

Sex difference of urinary osmolality in German children.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Origin of sex difference in urinary osmolality. METHODS: In 495 healthy children aged 4.0-14.9 years participating in the DONALD (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed) study (247 boys, 248 girls), the water intake recorded in 24-hour weighed dietary records along with urinary volume, osmolality and free water reserve in 24-hour urine samples from the same day as the dietary record were determined. RESULTS: Boys showed [...]

By |2017-05-21T03:20:41+00:00enero 31st, 2013|Assessment methodologies, Documentos científicos|Comentarios desactivados en Sex difference of urinary osmolality in German children.

Effect of sodium in a rehydration beverage when consumed as a fluid or meal.

To investigate the impact of fluid composition on rehydration effectiveness, 30 subjects (15 men and 15 women) were studied during 2 h of rehydration after a 2.5% body weight loss. In a randomized crossover design, subjects rehydrated with water (H2O), chicken broth (CB: 109.5 mmol/l Na, 25.3 mmol/l K), a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink (CE: 16.0 mmol/l [...]

By |2017-05-21T03:20:42+00:00enero 31st, 2013|Assessment methodologies, Documentos científicos|Comentarios desactivados en Effect of sodium in a rehydration beverage when consumed as a fluid or meal.

Effects of solution osmolality on absorption of select fluid replacement solutionsin human duodenojejunum.

These experiments examined relationships between initial osmolality and carbohydrate (CHO) composition of an infused solution and osmolality and water and CHO absorption in a test segment. A triple-lumen tube with a 10-cm mixing segment and a 40-cm test segment was passed into the duodenojejunum. The infusion port was approximately 10 cm beyond the pyloric sphincter. [...]

By |2017-05-21T03:21:04+00:00enero 31st, 2013|Assessment methodologies, Documentos científicos|Comentarios desactivados en Effects of solution osmolality on absorption of select fluid replacement solutionsin human duodenojejunum.

Volume repletion after exercise-induced volume depletion in humans: replacement of water and sodium losses.

Sodium and water loss during, and replacement after, exercise-induced volume depletion was investigated in six volunteers volume depleted by 1.89 +/- 0.17% (SD) of body mass by intermittent exercise in a warm, humid environment. Subjects exercised in a large, open plastic bag, allowing collection of all sweat secreted during exercise. For over 60 min beginning [...]

By |2017-05-21T03:21:04+00:00enero 31st, 2013|Assessment methodologies, Documentos científicos|Comentarios desactivados en Volume repletion after exercise-induced volume depletion in humans: replacement of water and sodium losses.

Metabolic and thermodynamic responses to dehydration-induced reductions in muscle blood flow in exercising humans

1. The present study examined whether reductions in muscle blood flow with exercise-induced dehydration would reduce substrate delivery and metabolite and heat removal to and from active skeletal muscles during prolonged exercise in the heat. A second aim was to examine the effects of dehydration on fuel utilisation across the exercising leg and identify factors related to fatigue. 2. Seven cyclists performed two [...]

By |2017-05-21T03:21:05+00:00enero 31st, 2013|Assessment methodologies, Documentos científicos|Comentarios desactivados en Metabolic and thermodynamic responses to dehydration-induced reductions in muscle blood flow in exercising humans

Effect of fluid ingestion on muscle metabolism during prolonged exercise.

Five trained men were studied during 2 h of cycling exercise at 67% peak oxygen uptake at 20-22 degrees C to examine the effect of fluid ingestion on muscle metabolism. On one occasion, the subjects completed this exercise without fluid ingestion(NF) while on the other they ingested a volume of distilled deionized water that prevented [...]

By |2017-05-21T03:21:07+00:00enero 31st, 2013|Assessment methodologies, Documentos científicos|Comentarios desactivados en Effect of fluid ingestion on muscle metabolism during prolonged exercise.