OBJECTIVE: To determine adherence to oral rehydration solution (ORS) among in-patients aged 1-59 months suffering from gastroenteritis and having some dehydration (SD) or no dehydration (ND) in two rural hospitals in Kenya. METHODS: Children aged 1-59 months suffering from acute gastroenteritis with (SD) or (ND) were enrolled into the study, examined and medical records reviewed. [...]
This review stresses changes in osmoregulation as well as the secretion and metabolism of arginine vasopressin during pregnancy, focusing on human gestation. Pregnant women experience a decrease in body tonicity, plasma osmolality decreasing immediately after conception to a nadir approximately 10 mosmol/kg below non-pregnant levels early in pregnancy, after which a new steady state is [...]
There is paramount evidence to suggest the importance of cell volume changes for the regulation of cell function, including protein metabolism. Among many other effects, cell swelling inhibits proteolysis and stimulates protein synthesis. However, most of the data pertinent to this theory relate to in vitro experiments. This paper reviews the evidence about the relevance [...]
Malnutrition and dehydration are common in elderly. A simple, reliable instrument to assess nutritional and hydration status would be very helpful. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has been promising in this context, but data of elderly persons and geriatric in-hospital patients are rare. Therefore, we first compared BIA measurements (resistance, reactance, phase angle and a resulting [...]
No abstract available.
Context:nHealth care professionals advocate that athletes who are susceptible to exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMCs) should moderately increase their fluid and electrolyte intake by drinking sport drinks. Some clinicians have also claimed drinking small volumes of pickle juice effectively relieves acute EAMCs, often alleviating them within 35 seconds. Others fear ingesting pickle juice will enhance dehydration-induced [...]
No abstract available.
Osmoregulation was studied in eight women during late pregnancy and again 8-10 wk postpartum. Base-line plasma osmolality (Posmol) was significantly lower during (280.9 +/- 2.1 mosmol/kg, SD) than after (289.4 +/- 2.1 mosmol/kg) pregnancy yet 24-h urinary volume and plasma arginine vasopressin (PAVP) measured in vasopressinase-inactivated blood was similar in both groups (pregnancy, 1.39 +/- [...]
No abstract available.
Serial studies were designed to characterized changes in osmoregulation throughout gestation. Eight women underwent a 2-h infusion of hypertonic saline before conception, during gestational weeks 5-8, 10-12, and 28-33, and then 10-12 wk postpartum. Basal plasma osmolality (Posmol) was already significantly decreased by 5-8 wk (P less than 0.001) and remained 10 mosmol.kg-1 below nonpregnant [...]