There is a widely held view that hunger prompts feeding to ensure energy needs are met, while thirst cues drinking to address hydration requirements. However, recent changes in the nature of the food supply and eating patterns have raised questions about the functionality of these relationships with respect to maintaining energy balance. The increasing consumption [...]
BackgroundnMilitary exercises generate high levels of stress to simulate combat, providing a unique opportunity to examine cognitive and physiologic responses of normal humans to acute stress.nnMethodsnCognitive and physiologic markers of stress were evaluated before, during, and after an intense training exercise conducted for 53 hours in the heat. Cognitive performance, mood, physical activity, sleep, body [...]
Purpose of review: The gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, and its diseases cause disturbances in that balance. Conversely, fluid and electrolyte disorders may disturb gastrointestinal function. The purpose of this review is to highlight some recent literature describing these interactions against a background of fluid and [...]
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Previous studies have suggested that oral or intravenous glucose enhances salt and water retention following a saline load. To test this, we studied the effects of an oral glucose load on urinary sodium and water excretion and serum biochemistry in response to a 2l intravenous infusion of 0.9% saline in normal subjects. [...]
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this prospective study was to examine whether preoperative face-to-face counselling about a child's fasting and active preoperative nutrition have an effect on thirst, hunger and postoperative oral intake in paediatric ambulatory tonsillectomy. Families, whose child was admitted for ambulatory tonsillectomy, participated in the study (n = 116; 58/58). BACKGROUND: [...]
Background & aimsnNasogastric feeding may result in gastro-oesophageal reflux and, therefore, increase the risk of aspiration. This may be greater when feeds are administered via a bolus than by infusion. We aimed to measure gastric emptying time and quantify gastro-oesophageal reflux in healthy volunteers given a liquid feed via an oral bolus (OB), a nasogastric [...]
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of fluid ingestion on pacing strategies and performance during intermittent-sprint exercise in the heat. Nine male rugby players performed a habituation session and 2 50-min intermittent-sprint protocols at a temperature of 31°C, either with or without fluid. Participants were informed of a third session (not [...]
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the drinking behavior of the participants in a multi-day mountain bike (MTB) cross-country competition, to monitor its effect on the body's fluid compartments and body mass, and to evaluate the prevalence of exercise-associated dysnatremia. DESIGN: Descriptive field study. SETTING: The Jeantex Bike Transalp Competition 2008 (8 stages; 665.40 km; 21 691 m [...]
BACKGROUND: The study investigators conducted a vigorous screening protocol for delirium in rural long-term care (LTC) facilities for a period of 28 days focusing on Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and other hydration parameters as risk factors. METHODS: A two-stage cluster sampling procedure was used to randomly select participants (n = 313) from 13 LTC facilities [...]
Hyponatraemia is a commonly encountered electrolyte abnormality in hospitalised patients and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The fact that most cases of hyponatraemia are the result of water imbalance rather than sodium imbalance underscores the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the pathophysiology. Hyponatraemia can be classified according to the measured plasma osmolality [...]