INTRODUCTION: Water intoxication is a rare cause of coma. The leading causes of excessive hydration are endurance exercise, drug abuse, iatrogenic, cerebral salt wasting, or psychiatric conditions. Self-induced water intoxication in an otherwise healthy person is exceedingly rare. METHODS: Single patient case report and review of the literature. RESULTS: We describe a previously fit and [...]
The case histories are presented of four athletes taking part in a 95-mile ultra-endurance foot race in Scotland who were hospitalised after developing exercise-associated hyponatraemia and rhabdomyolysis. Exercise-associated hyponatraemia is relatively uncommon in temperate climates. Risk factors disposing to this disorder are discussed. Exercise-associated hyponatraemia is thought to be due to overconsumption of hypotonic fluid [...]
To determine whether responses to dehydration are altered with age, we investigated the thirst, fluid and electrolyte responses, and hormonal responses to 24 hours of water deprivation in seven healthy active elderly men (67 to 75 years old) and seven healthy young men (20 to 31 years old) who were matched for weight loss during [...]
CONTEXT: Considerable controversy regarding fluid replacement during exercise currently exists. OBJECTIVE: To compare fluid turnover between National Football League (NFL) players who have constant fluid access and collegiate football players who replace fluids during water breaks in practices. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Respective preseason training camps of 1 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II (DII) [...]
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BACKGROUND & AIMS: We aimed to trace the historical origins of 0.9% saline, how it came to be used so commonly today, and to consider whether its continued use can be justified. METHODS: We searched the Medline, Science Citation Index, ScienceDirect and Google databases using the key words saline, physiological, salt solution, sodium chloride, 0.9%, [...]
To assess the fluid regulatory responses in aging adults, we measured thirst perception and osmoregulation during and after infusion of hypertonic NaCl) saline in older (72 +/- 2 yr, n = 6) and younger (26 +/- n = 6) subjects. Hypertonic saline was infused at 0.1 min-1.kg-1 for 120 min. On a separate day, the [...]
Virtually all investigators now agree that self-induced water intoxication, symptomatic hospital-acquired hyponatremia, and hyponatremia associated with intracranial pathology are true emergencies that demand prompt and definitive intervention with hypertonic saline. A 4- to 6-mmol/L increase in serum sodium concentration is adequate in the most seriously ill patients and this is best achieved with bolus infusions [...]
To test the hypothesis that the inhibitory action of central blood volume expansion on thirst and renal fluid regulation is attenuated with aging, we monitored the drinking and renal responses of dehydrated older (70 +/- 2 yr, n = 6) and younger (24 +/- 1 yr, n = 6) subjects during 195 min of head-out [...]
The constant supply of oxygen and nutriments to cells (especially neurons) is the role of the cardiovascular system. The constant supply of water (and sodium) for cardiovascular function is the role of thirst and sodium appetite and kidney function. This physiological regulation ensures that plasma volume and osmolality are maintained within set limits by initiating [...]