This study was performed to determine whether a) children voluntarily dehydrate while exercising in hot climate; b) such dehydration affects their well-being and thermoregulation. Eleven 10p to 12-yr old, partially acclimatized boys underwent two work-in-the-heat protocols (cycle rides, 45% aerobic capacity at 39 degrees C, 45% rh). During one session they drank only voluntarily when [...]
The validity of the deuterium dilution technique as a method of measuring fluid intake was investigated by comparing values obtained with this technique and direct measurements of milk intake in 10 exclusively bottle-fed infants recovering from protein-energy malnutrition. Values for total body water were derived from body weight and length using Friis-Hansen's formula. During a [...]
Osmoreceptor sensitivity, as estimated by the plasma vasopressin (AVP) response to hypertonic saline infusion, increases with age. We studied volume-pressure sensitivity, as estimated by the plasma AVP response to orthostasis, in healthy young (19-31 yr old; n = 12) and old (62-80 yr old; n = 15) subjects. After remaining recumbent overnight (minimum of 8 [...]
No abstract available.
No abstract available.
A prospective study was undertaken to investigate the incidence and aetiology of acute confusional states in physically ill old people. The subjects were 71 patients aged 70 years or over who were admitted as emergencies to a general medical unit. Mental testing revealed that: (a) one in six patients had an acute confusional state on [...]
The phenomenon of involuntary dehydration, the delay in full restoration of a body water deficit by drinking, has been described extensively but relatively little is known about its physiological mechanism. It occurs primarily in humans when they are exposed to various stresses including exercise, environmental heat and cold, altitude, water immersion, dehydration, and perhaps microgravity, [...]
This study was intended to assess the influence of drink flavor and composition on voluntary drinking and hydration status in children exercising intermittently at 35 +/- 1 degrees C and 45-50% relative humidity. Twelve boys (9-12 yr) performed three 3-h identical sessions (four 20-min cycling bouts at 50% maximal O2 uptake followed by 25-min rest). [...]
The causes, therapy for, and consequences of hypernatremia in elderly patients are not well understood. We found that in 15,187 consecutive hospital admissions, 162 (1.1%) patients who were at least 60 years of age had serum sodium levels that measured greater than 148 meq/L. Of that 162, 57% had become hypernatremic in the hospital; the [...]
No abstract available.