These experiments examined relationships between initial osmolality and carbohydrate (CHO) composition of an infused solution and osmolality and water and CHO absorption in a test segment. A triple-lumen tube with a 10-cm mixing segment and a 40-cm test segment was passed into the duodenojejunum. The infusion port was approximately 10 cm beyond the pyloric sphincter. [...]

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine whether preexercise ingestion of a highly concentrated sodium beverage would increase plasma volume (PV) and reduce the physiological strain of moderately trained males running in the heat. METHODS: Eight endurance-trained (.VO2max: 58 mL.kg(-1).min(-1) (SD 5); 36 yr (SD 11)) runners completed this double-blind, crossover experiment. Runners ingested a [...]

This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of state, minimally invasive clinical and physical signs (or sets of signs) to be used as screening tests for detecting impending or current water-loss dehydration, or both, in older people by systematically reviewing [...]

Objectives: to examine current practice with regard to hydration in acute stroke (part 1) to identify problem areas, to develop, implement and evaluate an intervention package (part 2). Design: prospective, repeated measures, between subjects Setting: a district general hospital. Participants: consecutive admissions with an acute stroke. Part 1 involved 30 patients, 14 of whom were [...]

Sodium and water loss during, and replacement after, exercise-induced volume depletion was investigated in six volunteers volume depleted by 1.89 +/- 0.17% (SD) of body mass by intermittent exercise in a warm, humid environment. Subjects exercised in a large, open plastic bag, allowing collection of all sweat secreted during exercise. For over 60 min beginning [...]